|
安 莹,李生才,王亚军
(北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室,北京 100081)
摘 要:简要统计了2009年7—8月国内发生的各种环境事件165起,包括沙尘天气3起,污染事件21起,地震58起,山体滑坡和泥石流43起,旱灾7起以及其他自然灾害33起。
关键词:环境工程;环境事件;统计分析;中国
中图分类号:X507 文献标识码:A
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009–6094.2009.05.000
0 引 言
本文继续对国内环境事件进行统计和分析[1–45],统计时间为2009年7—8月。
1 事件数据
2009年7—8月国内环境事件详见表1~6。期间发生沙尘天气3起,比去年同期少1起;污染事件21起;地震58起,比去年同期多47起;山体滑坡和泥石流43起,比去年同期少3起;旱灾7起,与去年同期相同;其他自然灾害33起。
表1 2009年7—8月沙尘天气
Table 1 Some dust weather happened in China during July to August in 2009
|
序
|
时间
|
地 区
|
事件简况
|
来 源
|
|
1
|
07–01
|
甘肃敦煌、瓜州
|
出现沙尘、扬沙天气
|
新华网07–02
|
|
2
|
07–29
|
青海格尔木市
|
出现大风沙尘天气,市区能见度极低
|
新华网07–29
|
|
3
|
08–07—09
|
南昌
|
连续3天出现大风沙尘天气
|
大江网08–10
|
表2 2009年7—8月污染事件
Table 2 Some pollution events happened in China during July to August in 2009
|
序
|
时间
|
地 区
|
事件简况
|
来 源
|
|
1
|
07–03
|
河南周口市
|
由于沙河上游水源水质出现局部污染,市区部分地方出现供水难
|
新华网07–06
|
|
2
|
07–03
|
湖南宣恩县
|
珠山镇猫儿堡村水厂水源受到污染
|
恩施新闻网07–06
|
|
3
|
07–04
|
湖南张家界
|
苦竹河被垃圾严重污染
|
红网07–05
|
|
4
|
07–04
|
江西鹰潭市
|
信江江西鹰潭段遭遇重度油污染
|
人民网07–06
|
|
5
|
07–06
|
安徽宿松县
|
血防河被污染,出现大量死鱼
|
中安在线07–07
|
|
6
|
07–11
|
重庆
|
孝子河上游一支流遭到废油污染,近3 km的河面被染成黑色
|
人民网07–13
|
|
7
|
07–12
|
四川威远县
|
葫芦口水库突遭污染,疑为养鱼户投放化肥所致
|
四川在线07–26
|
|
8
|
07–15
|
河南偃师市
|
某化工厂发生爆炸,现场500 m内空气污染严重,气味刺鼻
|
中国新闻网07–15
|
|
9
|
07–16
|
武汉
|
武昌晒湖污染严重,影响附近居民的生活
|
新华网07–17
|
|
10
|
07–17
|
成都
|
连日强降雨致岷江泥沙污染,使成都大面积停水
|
四川在线07–17
|
|
11
|
07–18
|
甘肃天水市
|
白家河被污染,疑为上游选矿厂的污水污染
|
天水广电网07–27
|
|
12
|
07–20
|
陕西蓝田县
|
加油站储油罐泄漏污染地下水,居民井中抽出柴油
|
人民网07–24
|
|
13
|
07–23
|
四川宜宾
|
流杯池和陵湖污染严重
|
四川在线07–23
|
|
14
|
07–25
|
内蒙古赤峰市
|
自来水遭污染,致使200多居民患病
|
华商网07–28
|
|
15
|
07–27
|
南昌
|
幸福渠遭污染,水葫芦疯长
|
南昌新闻网07–27
|
|
16
|
07–27
|
河南新郑市
|
双洎河污染致使大量鱼苗死亡
|
文新传媒07–28
|
|
17
|
08–01
|
江苏邳州市
|
山东境内含砷污水下排,造成邳州境内多条河道水质砷超标
|
经济参考报08–06
|
|
18
|
08–14
|
陕西留坝县
|
1辆满载浓硫酸的槽车翻入北栈河,26 t浓硫酸泄漏
|
西部网08–15
|
|
19
|
08–17
|
呼和浩特
|
金河生物科技公司超标排放污水,污染地下水
|
北方新闻网08–24
|
|
20
|
08–18
|
江苏徐州
|
雨水使一些下水道的污水溢满后排进黄河,故黄河市区河段出现大量死鱼
|
中国徐州网08–21
|
|
21
|
08–19
|
湖南武冈市
|
企业污染致80多名儿童血铅超标
|
新华网08–20
|
表3 2009年7—8月地震事件
Table 3 Earthquake happened in China during July to August in 2009
|
序
|
时间
|
地 区
|
事件简况
|
来 源
|
|
1
|
07–01
|
四川彭州、什邡交界
|
3.0级地震
|
四川新闻网07–01
|
|
2
|
07–01
|
新疆与吉尔吉斯斯坦交界
|
5.0级地震
|
国际在线07–01
|
|
3
|
07–01
|
四川汉源、荥经交界
|
2.6级地震
|
中国新闻网07–01
|
|
4
|
07–02
|
四川青川
|
3.0级地震
|
新华网07–03
|
|
5
|
07–04
|
四川青川
|
3.4级地震
|
中国新闻网07–04
|
|
6
|
07–04
|
四川彭州、汶川交界
|
3.6级地震
|
中国新闻网07–05
|
|
7
|
07–05
|
新疆伽师县
|
3.3级地震
|
中国新闻网07–05
|
|
8
|
07–05
|
四川汶川
|
2.9级地震
|
中国新闻网07–05
|
|
9
|
07–06
|
重庆荣昌县
|
发生2次地震,最高3.2级
|
华龙网07–06
|
|
10
|
07–06
|
新疆策勒县、于田县交界
|
3.9级地震
|
中国新闻网07–06
|
|
11
|
07–06
|
新疆叶城县
|
3.9级地震
|
中国新闻网07–06
|
|
12
|
07–08
|
新疆阿克陶县
|
3.0级地震
|
中国新闻网07–08
|
|
13
|
07–09
|
云南姚安县
|
6.0级地震,截止10日00时33分,已造成126万人受灾,1人因灾死亡,受伤314人
|
人民网07–10
|
|
14
|
07–10
|
云南姚安县、祥云县交界
|
5.2级地震
|
四川在线07–10
|
|
15
|
07–10
|
四川平武县
|
3.1级地震
|
中国新闻网07–10
|
|
16
|
07–12
|
新疆尉犁县
|
3.6级地震
|
厦门在线07–12
|
|
17
|
07–13
|
山东省莒县城北
|
2.9级地震
|
新华网07–14
|
|
18
|
07–16
|
内蒙古阿拉善盟阿拉善右旗
|
4.5级地震
|
中国新闻网07–16
|
|
19
|
07–17
|
四川什邡
|
4.5级地震
|
中国新闻网07–17
|
|
20
|
07–19
|
辽宁海城市
|
3.6级地震
|
北国网07–20
|
|
21
|
07–20
|
四川
|
绵竹发生3.6级地震,汶川发生3.3级地震
|
四川新闻网07–21
|
|
22
|
07–21
|
新疆阿图什市
|
3.4级地震
|
中国新闻网07–21
|
|
23
|
07–24
|
西藏尼玛县
|
5.6级地震
|
地震局网站07–24
|
|
24
|
07–24
|
新疆阿图什市
|
3.9级地震
|
中国新闻网07–24
|
|
25
|
07–28
|
新疆乌恰县
|
4.3级地震
|
东北新闻网07–28
|
|
26
|
07–29
|
四川绵竹、什邡交界
|
3.4级地震
|
腾讯网07–30
|
|
27
|
07–30
|
四川什邡、绵竹交界
|
3.1级地震
|
中国新闻网07–30
|
|
28
|
07–31
|
四川汶川县
|
3.4级地震
|
中国新闻网07–31
|
|
29
|
08–01
|
四川茂县
|
4.1级地震
|
四川在线08–01
|
|
30
|
08–04
|
四川都江堰
|
4.0级地震
|
新华网08–04
|
|
31
|
08–05
|
吉林省靖宇县、抚松县交界
|
4.6级地震
|
中国新闻网08–05
|
|
32
|
08–06
|
新疆且末县
|
3.3级地震
|
中国新闻网08–06
|
|
33
|
08–08
|
重庆荣昌县
|
4.0级地震,导致2人死亡
|
新华网08–10
|
|
34
|
08–10
|
吉林汪清县、黑龙江东宁县交界
|
4.8级地震
|
中国新闻网08–10
|
|
35
|
08–11
|
云南姚安县
|
3.9级地震
|
中国新闻网08–11
|
|
36
|
08–11
|
四川沐川县
|
3.4级地震
|
中国新闻网08–11
|
|
37
|
08–13
|
西藏尼玛县
|
4.6级地震
|
中国新闻网08–13
|
|
38
|
08–14
|
新疆塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县
|
4.0级地震
|
西部网08–14
|
|
39
|
08–16
|
新疆巴里坤哈萨克自治县和吐鲁番市、托克逊县交界
|
3.0级地震
|
中国网08–16
|
|
40
|
08–16
|
四川绵竹、茂县交界
|
2.9级地震
|
四川新闻网08–16
|
|
41
|
08–17
|
四川绵阳平武
|
2.9级地震
|
中广网08–17
|
|
42
|
08–19
|
新疆轮台县、尉犁县交界
|
3.6级地震
|
中国新闻网08–19
|
|
43
|
08–19
|
新疆麦盖提县、巴楚县交界
|
3.0级地震
|
中国新闻网08–19
|
|
44
|
08–19
|
青海格尔木市
|
4.0级地震
|
中国新闻网08–19
|
|
45
|
08–20
|
新疆玛纳斯县
|
3.3级地震
|
中国新闻社08–20
|
|
46
|
08–21
|
新疆吐鲁番市
|
3.0级地震
|
中国新闻社08–21
|
|
47
|
08–22
|
新疆巴楚县、阿图什市
|
3.3级地震
|
中国新闻社08–22
|
|
48
|
08–23
|
四川汶川县
|
3.0级地震
|
四川新闻网08–23
|
|
49
|
08–24
|
新疆民丰县
|
3.4级地震
|
中国新闻社08–24
|
|
50
|
08–25
|
河南漯河市
|
2.3级地震
|
大河网08–25
|
|
51
|
08–26
|
四川大邑、芦山交界
|
3.2级地震
|
四川在线08–26
|
|
52
|
08–27
|
中国、吉尔吉斯斯坦交界
|
4.0级地震
|
千龙网08–27
|
|
53
|
08–28
|
青海省海西蒙古族藏族自治州
|
6.4级地震
|
中国新闻网08–28
|
|
54
|
08–28
|
四川理县、茂县、黑水交界
|
3.1级地震
|
中国新闻网08–28
|
|
55
|
08–28
|
新疆巴楚县、柯坪县交界
|
3.3级地震
|
中国新闻网08–28
|
|
56
|
08–31
|
四川安县、北川交界
|
3.8级地震
|
四川新闻网08–31
|
|
57
|
08–31
|
新疆阿图什市
|
3.7级地震
|
中国新闻网08–31
|
|
58
|
08–31
|
青海省海西蒙古族藏族自治州
|
5.9级地震
|
新华网08–31
|
表4 2009年7—8月山体滑坡和泥石流事件
Table 4 Some landslide and mud-rock flow accidents happened in China during July to August in 2009
|
序
|
时间
|
地 区
|
事件简况
|
来 源
|
|
1
|
07–01
|
江西玉山县
|
山体滑坡致2人死亡
|
新华网07–02
|
|
2
|
07–02
|
湖南双峰县
|
山体滑坡致4人死亡
|
中山网07–02
|
|
3
|
07–04
|
广西桂林市
|
山体滑坡致7条公路交通中断
|
中国新闻网07–04
|
|
4
|
07–04
|
昆明
|
成昆铁路遭遇泥石流,部分列车停运
|
千龙网07–05
|
|
5
|
07–06
|
西藏波密县
|
川藏公路“102滑坡群”发生大型泥石流,交通中断
|
新华网07–07
|
|
6
|
07–08
|
四川雅安市
|
塌方泥石流致两国道交通中断
|
中国新闻网07–09
|
|
7
|
07–11
|
贵州赫章县
|
山体滑坡致2人死亡
|
新华网07–11
|
|
8
|
07–11
|
四川宁南县
|
泥石流致1人失踪、2人轻伤
|
四川新闻网07–15
|
|
9
|
07–13
|
重庆开县
|
省道202线开县到城口的交通因为山体滑坡完全中断
|
中广网07–13
|
|
10
|
07–13—14
|
四川珙县
|
山体滑坡致1人死亡、1人受伤
|
四川在线07–16
|
|
11
|
07–15
|
福建寿宁县
|
山体滑坡致1人被埋
|
中国新闻网07–16
|
|
12
|
07–15
|
四川安县
|
暴雨引发泥石流和山体滑坡,3万余人受灾
|
人民网07–17
|
|
13
|
07–16
|
四川宣汉县
|
山体滑坡致13幢房屋垮塌,前河河床被阻断
|
四川新闻网07–17
|
|
14
|
07–17
|
西藏芒康县
|
泥石流致川藏公路脚巴山段交通中断,一百多辆汽车受阻
|
中国新闻网07–17
|
|
15
|
07–17
|
四川小金县
|
泥石流致江西省5名援建人员1人遇难、4人失踪
|
新华网07–18
|
|
16
|
07–17
|
四川北川县
|
陈家坝乡发生严重泥石流,1 300人被困,场镇供水全部中断,造成3 000人饮水困难
|
四川新闻网07–19
|
|
17
|
07–20
|
云南凤庆县
|
山体滑坡致14人失踪
|
四川在线07–21
|
|
18
|
07–23
|
四川康定县
|
泥石流致4人死亡、4人受伤、97人被困、53人失踪
|
中广网07–23
|
|
19
|
07–23
|
云南盐津县
|
局地出现泥石流滑坡,已造成5人死亡
|
中国天气网07–23
|
|
20
|
07–27
|
湖南怀化市
|
山体滑坡致18人被埋,7人获救
|
红网07–27
|
|
21
|
07–27
|
四川宁南县
|
泥石流致1人失踪、1人重伤
|
四川在线07–30
|
|
22
|
07–28
|
西藏波密县
|
大规模泥石流导致川藏公路交通中断
|
中国交通广播网07–29
|
|
23
|
07–29
|
广西柳州
|
山体滑坡掩埋线路导致列车脱轨,造成4人死亡、34人受伤
|
海都网07–30
|
|
24
|
07–31
|
四川金阳县
|
泥石流致6~9人失踪
|
中国新闻网07–31
|
|
25
|
07–31
|
湖北大冶市
|
暴雨引发泥石流,造成4人死亡
|
中国新闻网08–01
|
|
26
|
08–01
|
云南福贡县
|
泥石流致2人死亡、2人受伤、1人失踪
|
千龙网08–01
|
|
27
|
08–01
|
四川仪陇县
|
山体滑坡致2人死亡
|
四川新闻网08–02
|
|
28
|
08–04
|
江西遂川县
|
山体滑坡致3人死亡、2人受伤
|
中国交通广播网08–06
|
|
29
|
08–05
|
重庆
|
重庆渝黔高速公路发生山体滑坡,上万辆车被封堵
|
中国新闻网08–06
|
|
30
|
08–06
|
四川汉源县
|
山体滑坡致2人死亡、18人受伤
|
国际在线08–07
|
|
31
|
08–09
|
四川叙永县
|
山体滑坡致2人死亡
|
腾讯网08–11
|
|
32
|
08–10
|
浙江泰顺县
|
山体滑坡致2人死亡、4人受伤
|
新华网08–11
|
|
33
|
08–10
|
江苏宜兴
|
一幢住宿楼被泥石流冲塌,造成3人死亡、4人受伤
|
新华报业网08–12
|
|
34
|
08–11
|
西藏羊八井
|
青藏公路羊八井段暴雨引发泥石流,造成一轿车坠入河中,驾驶员受轻伤,车内3名乘客目前下落不明
|
新华网08–11
|
|
35
|
08–13
|
浙江临安
|
山体滑坡致11人死亡、2人受伤
|
新华网08–14
|
|
36
|
08–15
|
浙江嵊州市
|
山体滑坡致104国道嵊州段中断、1人轻伤
|
新华网08–15
|
|
37
|
08–15
|
浙江景宁县
|
突遇山体滑坡,4人被山洪冲走
|
新华网08–16
|
|
38
|
08–15
|
浙江仙居县
|
泥石流致1人失踪
|
新华网08–16
|
|
39
|
08–15
|
西藏尼木县
|
因大雨突发泥石流灾害,造成151人受灾,经济损失达556万元
|
西藏在线08–18
|
|
40
|
08–17
|
甘肃会宁县
|
山体滑坡致3人死亡
|
兰州晨报08–19
|
|
41
|
08–18
|
甘肃宁县
|
山体滑坡致5人死亡
|
网易08–22
|
|
42
|
08–27
|
四川雷被县
|
泥石流致3人死亡、7人失踪
|
中国新闻网08–27
|
|
43
|
08–28
|
四川宜宾市
|
泥石流致3人死亡
|
凤凰网08–29
|
表5 2009年7—8月旱灾
Table 5 Draught happened in China during July to August in 2009
|
序
|
时间
|
地 区
|
事件简况
|
来 源
|
|
1
|
07—
08
|
辽宁
|
截至15日10时,全省农作物受旱面积达169.28万hm2,占总播种面积的52%
|
百灵网08–15
|
|
2
|
07—
08
|
吉林
|
截至16日,全省农作物受旱面积达270.67万hm2,约占全省耕地面积的60%
|
中国政府网08–16
|
|
3
|
07—
08
|
河北张家口、承德地区
|
遭遇50年一见的干旱,受灾面积达718.4千hm2,其中绝收343千hm2,受灾人口达473万人,55.8万人、17.26万头大牲畜出现饮水困难
|
新浪网08–26
|
|
4
|
07—
08
|
贵州
|
34个县(市、区)遭受不同程度的旱灾,全省278万人受灾,因灾造成直接经济损失3.22亿元
|
金阳时讯08–28
|
|
5
|
07—
08
|
山西高平市
|
遭受严重旱灾,全市秋粮受灾面积3.07万hm2,绝收面积1.06万hm2,占秋粮总面积的33.5%,直接经济损失1.93亿元
|
上海环境热线08–28
|
|
6
|
07—
08
|
内蒙古巴彦淖尔市
|
全市453.3万hm2草场因干旱枯死,造成3.38万人、45.76万头只牲畜饮水困难,直接经济损失达10 265万元
|
内蒙古广播网08–31
|
|
7
|
08
|
湖南
|
截至28日,湖南省受旱面积达15万km2,38.7万hm2农作物受旱,102万人、27万条大牲畜出现临时饮水困难
|
汉网08–30
|
表6 2009年7—8月其他自然灾害
Table 5 Some natural calamities happened in China during July to August in 2009
|
序
|
时间
|
地 区
|
事件简况
|
来 源
|
|
1
|
07–01
|
江苏新沂市
|
遭遇龙卷风袭击,受灾人口达1.2万,因灾受伤32人,直接经济损失1 580万元,
|
新华报业网07–08
|
|
2
|
06–30—
07–05
|
广西、江西、等12省区市
|
暴雨导致严重洪涝灾害。截至5日16时,受灾人口3 937.2万,因灾死亡75人,失踪13人,因灾直接经济损失130.2亿元。广西、江西、湖南、湖北、贵州、重庆等省份受灾较重
|
宁夏网07–06
|
|
3
|
07–04
|
广州
|
番禺区遭遇龙卷风袭击,9人受轻伤
|
和讯网07–05
|
|
4
|
07–04—05
|
云南楚雄彝族自治州
|
3县7个乡镇遭洪涝灾害,农作物受灾840 hm2,受灾人口1.651万
|
新华网07–07
|
|
5
|
07–06
|
内蒙古鄂伦春旗
|
暴雨导致山洪暴发,截至9日,共有8 426人受灾,6 706.7 hm2耕地绝产,直接经济损失1亿多元
|
内蒙古广播网07–09
|
|
6
|
07–08
|
山东兖州、苍山
|
遭受龙卷风和暴雨袭击,苍山县因灾伤17人,兖州市伤5人
|
千龙网07–09
|
|
7
|
07–08
|
内蒙古翁牛特旗
|
特大洪涝灾害致1人死亡
|
新华网07–10
|
|
8
|
07–14—15
|
四川绵阳、广元
|
暴雨造成79.2万人受灾,因灾死亡3人,农作物受灾3.2万hm2,绝收747 hm2,直接经济损失7 000余万元
|
四川在线07–16
|
|
9
|
07–14—18
|
甘肃陇南
|
洪灾造成6人死亡、1人失踪
|
南方报网07–20
|
|
10
|
07–16
|
河南濮阳县
|
突遭龙卷风袭击,房屋倒塌100余间,大量农作物受灾
|
新华网07–17
|
|
11
|
07–18
|
江苏连云港
|
连云港市近海海域发生大面积赤潮
|
新华网07–21
|
|
12
|
07–19
|
广东惠州
|
台风莫拉菲致20多万人受灾,损失近2亿
|
扬子晚报网07–19
|
|
13
|
07–21
|
甘肃康县
|
洪涝灾害致1人死亡、10人受伤,经济损失达亿元
|
中国新闻网07–21
|
|
14
|
07–21
|
内蒙古通辽市
|
遭受冰雹龙卷风袭击,1人死亡
|
新华网07–21
|
|
15
|
07–22
|
山西运城
|
棉田局部发生虫害
|
中国棉花交易网07–22
|
|
16
|
07–22
|
内蒙古科左后旗
|
遭龙卷风和冰雹袭击,受灾农田面积1.2万hm2,直接经济损失1.5亿
|
内蒙古广播网07–25
|
|
17
|
07–23—25
|
湖南
|
暴雨造成175万人受灾、12人死亡、5人失踪
|
长沙晚报07–27
|
|
18
|
07–26—27
|
四川米易县
|
山洪并泥石流灾害导致22人死亡、7人失踪、41人受伤
|
中国新闻网07–28
|
|
19
|
07–29
|
内蒙古固阳县
|
雷击致1人死亡
|
北方新闻网08–04
|
|
20
|
08–01—03
|
河南洛阳、焦作
|
遭受洪涝灾害,10.798万人受灾,直接经济损失0.83亿
|
大河网08–06
|
|
21
|
08–02
|
四川康定县
|
雷击致5人死亡、1人重伤
|
中国气象报社08–07
|
|
22
|
08–04
|
石家庄
|
在建厂房遭雷击坍塌,造成17人死亡、3人受伤
|
百灵网08–05
|
|
23
|
08–05
|
广东江门市
|
热带风暴“天鹅”造成42个乡(镇)受灾,受灾人口19.874 7万,1人死亡,1人失踪
|
新华网08–08
|
|
24
|
08–09
|
浙江温州
|
台风“莫拉克”造成温州5间房屋倒塌,1人死亡
|
新华网08–09
|
|
25
|
08–10
|
福建、浙江、江西、安徽
|
台风“莫拉克”造成4省883.6万人受灾,因灾死亡6人,失踪3人,直接经济损失90.6亿元
|
中国新闻网08–10
|
|
26
|
08–11
|
河北秦皇岛
|
夜光藻引发赤潮,贝类生长受影响,受灾养殖面积达3.75万hm2
|
三农在线08–11
|
|
27
|
08–15—18
|
河北
|
遭受风雹、洪涝灾害,26个县市35万余人受灾,因灾死亡5人,3.65万hm2农作物受灾,直接经济损失1.76亿元
|
中国新闻网08–20
|
|
28
|
08–16
|
云南镇雄县
|
雷击引爆炸药,致9人死亡
|
中国新闻网08–19
|
|
29
|
08–19
|
上海
|
雷击致1人死亡
|
新华网08–19
|
|
30
|
08–19
|
安徽寿县
|
龙卷风致1人死亡
|
中安在线08–22
|
|
31
|
08–25
|
广西柳江县
|
龙卷风致2.67 hm2松林整片被摧折,部分电力设施遭破坏
|
广西新闻网08–26
|
|
32
|
08–28—29
|
四川宜宾、泸州
|
暴雨洪涝灾害致7人遇难,2人失踪
|
中国广播网08–31
|
|
33
|
08–29
|
安徽太湖县
|
雷击致6人死亡、1人受伤
|
新华网08–30
|
2 讨 论
统计期间,共发生污染事件21起。其中19起事件涉及水污染,1起事件涉及空气污染,1起因污染而损害人体健康事件。
据中国民政部统计(新华网8月10日),截至8月10日,今年以来各类自然灾害造成761人死亡,185人失踪,紧急转移安置518万人,倒塌房屋67万间,损坏房屋258万间。统计期间,中国自然灾害以洪涝、山体滑坡和泥石流、旱灾为主。
截至8月24日,中国29个省份发生不同程度的洪涝灾害,711.5万hm2农作物受灾,9 188万人口受灾。其中,死亡427人、失踪126人,直接经济损失700多亿元人民币。今年入汛后,中国发生了比较严重的水旱灾害:降水过程多、强度大;台风登陆多、比例高;洪水次数多、量级大;灾害种类多、防御难;受灾范围广、局部重。其中,四川等地震灾区7月以来的降雨明显偏多,洪涝灾害共造成160人死亡或失踪(中国新闻网08月25日)。
今年入夏以来特别是7月下旬以来,我国东北、西北等北方大部分省区持续晴热少雨,江河来水和水利工程蓄水严重不足,同时地表蒸发强烈,土壤失墒加剧,旱情露头后迅速蔓延发展,不少地区发生了严重的夏伏旱。截至8月17日统计,全国作物受旱面积1 133万hm2,其中重旱420万hm2,干枯107.2万hm2,有390万人、437万头大牲畜因旱发生饮水困难。当前旱情主要有4个特点:一是旱情集中发生在北方粮食主产区,山西、内蒙古、辽宁、吉林、河北、新疆等6省区受旱面积达1 033万hm2;二是旱情发展迅速,辽宁、吉林、内蒙古3省区受旱面积由半月前的233.3万hm2迅速增加到目前的786.9万hm2;三是旱情发生在玉米、大豆、高粱、谷物等秋粮作物产量形成的关键时期和作物需水的高峰期;四是一些山区和边远地区人畜饮水困难(东北新闻网08月18日)。
3 结 论
2009年7—8月国内发生沙尘天气3起,污染事件21起,地震58起,山体滑坡和泥石流43起,旱灾7起以及其他自然灾害33起。
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Statistics of environmental events in China during period from
July to August in 2009
AN Ying, LI Sheng-cai, WANG Ya-jun
(State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)
Abstract: The present paper summarizes the major environmental events in China during the period from July to August in the year 2009. These events are classified into six categories, i.e. dust weather, pollution accidents, earthquake, landslide and debris flow, draught, as well as other disasters. Total 3, 21, 58, 43, 7, and 33 major events are reported with their detailed statistics on the loss, places, and the nature of the events respectively. Causes are also listed which actually led to the 165 events.
Key words: environmental engineering; environmental events; statistics; China
CLC number: X507 Document code: A
Article ID: 1009–6094(2009)05–0000–00
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